Monday, May 30, 2022
Saturday, May 28, 2022
062522 Social Safety Net Features in East Asia: A comparative analyses using the model family approach
Title:
Social Safety Net Features in East Asia: A comparative analyses using the model family approach
Social Safety Net Features in East Asia: A comparative analyses using the model family approach
Time:
06/25/2022 06:30 PM PDT
06/25/2022 07:30 PM MDT
06/25/2022 08:30 PM CDT
06/25/2022 09:30 PM EDT
06/26/2022 02:30 AM BST
06/26/2022 03:30 AM CEST
06/26/2022 09:30 AM Taiwan
06/25/2022 06:30 PM PDT
06/25/2022 07:30 PM MDT
06/25/2022 08:30 PM CDT
06/25/2022 09:30 PM EDT
06/26/2022 02:30 AM BST
06/26/2022 03:30 AM CEST
06/26/2022 09:30 AM Taiwan
研究領域 (Field):
Social Policy
研究子領域 (Sub-field)::
Poverty; Social Welfare Policies
Social Policy
研究子領域 (Sub-field)::
Poverty; Social Welfare Policies
Abstract:
East Asian social welfare has been described as productivist, where social policies are subordinate to economic development. However, existing East Asian comparative studies often focus on a few selected social policies and seldom examine welfare programs as a bundle. We contribute to the depiction of divergent features of East Asian safety nets by welfare content (generosity, coverage, protective vs. productive, and work incentives) and welfare outcomes (poverty reduction and redistribution) in mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
We collected model family data before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the data through descriptive statistics and regression models. We found that Taiwan and Japan have more generous welfare systems in reducing poverty and redistributing income, while Korea has a less generous system and focuses on productive programs; Hong Kong is catching up with the aforementioned societies through adopting generous protective programs; Singapore offers wide coverage and work incentives for low-income families yet lags behind in generosity; and China appears to be a laggard of welfare provision in the region. Our findings reveal heterogeneity within East Asian welfare system, and our synthesis of welfare features using model family data exemplifies a promising strategy in conducting comparative research in regions with limited comparable data.
East Asian social welfare has been described as productivist, where social policies are subordinate to economic development. However, existing East Asian comparative studies often focus on a few selected social policies and seldom examine welfare programs as a bundle. We contribute to the depiction of divergent features of East Asian safety nets by welfare content (generosity, coverage, protective vs. productive, and work incentives) and welfare outcomes (poverty reduction and redistribution) in mainland China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.
We collected model family data before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the data through descriptive statistics and regression models. We found that Taiwan and Japan have more generous welfare systems in reducing poverty and redistributing income, while Korea has a less generous system and focuses on productive programs; Hong Kong is catching up with the aforementioned societies through adopting generous protective programs; Singapore offers wide coverage and work incentives for low-income families yet lags behind in generosity; and China appears to be a laggard of welfare provision in the region. Our findings reveal heterogeneity within East Asian welfare system, and our synthesis of welfare features using model family data exemplifies a promising strategy in conducting comparative research in regions with limited comparable data.
061822 From Substrate to Surface: Dissolved Oxygen Transfer and Sediment Suspension in Environmental Vegetated Flows
Title:
From Substrate to Surface: Dissolved Oxygen Transfer and Sediment Suspension in Environmental Vegetated Flows
From Substrate to Surface: Dissolved Oxygen Transfer and Sediment Suspension in Environmental Vegetated Flows
Time:
06/18/2022 06:00 PM PDT
06/18/2022 07:00 PM MDT
06/18/2022 08:00 PM CDT
06/18/2022 09:00 PM EDT
06/19/2022 02:00 AM BST
06/19/2022 03:00 AM CEST
06/19/2022 09:00 AM Taiwan
06/18/2022 06:00 PM PDT
06/18/2022 07:00 PM MDT
06/18/2022 08:00 PM CDT
06/18/2022 09:00 PM EDT
06/19/2022 02:00 AM BST
06/19/2022 03:00 AM CEST
06/19/2022 09:00 AM Taiwan
研究領域 (Field):
Civil and Environmental Engineering
研究子領域 (Sub-field):
Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Environmental Turbulence
其他關鍵字 (Supplementary keywords):
Turbulent Mixing, Interfacial Gas Transfer, Fluid-structure Interaction, Ecohydraulics, Sediment Transport
Civil and Environmental Engineering
研究子領域 (Sub-field):
Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Environmental Turbulence
其他關鍵字 (Supplementary keywords):
Turbulent Mixing, Interfacial Gas Transfer, Fluid-structure Interaction, Ecohydraulics, Sediment Transport
Abstract:
Turbulence generated by aquatic vegetation plays a vital role in the interfacial transfer process at the air-water interface and sediment-water interface (AWI and SWI), impacting the dissolved oxygen (DO) level, a key indicator of water quality for aquatic ecosystems. This research investigates how flow-vegetation interactions affect suspended sediment dynamics and the interfacial transfer process across sediment-water-air interfaces in unidirectional vegetated flows. A series of laboratory experiments in a unidirectional recirculating flume with simulated rigid vegetation and a sediment bed was conducted to investigate the influence of vegetation under different submergence ratios and plant densities. The experimental result shows how different scales of vegetation-generated turbulence affect the interfacial gas transfer rate at different submergence ratios and array densities. This study is expected to provide critical insight for future studies on water quality management and ecosystem restoration in natural vegetated water environments such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
Turbulence generated by aquatic vegetation plays a vital role in the interfacial transfer process at the air-water interface and sediment-water interface (AWI and SWI), impacting the dissolved oxygen (DO) level, a key indicator of water quality for aquatic ecosystems. This research investigates how flow-vegetation interactions affect suspended sediment dynamics and the interfacial transfer process across sediment-water-air interfaces in unidirectional vegetated flows. A series of laboratory experiments in a unidirectional recirculating flume with simulated rigid vegetation and a sediment bed was conducted to investigate the influence of vegetation under different submergence ratios and plant densities. The experimental result shows how different scales of vegetation-generated turbulence affect the interfacial gas transfer rate at different submergence ratios and array densities. This study is expected to provide critical insight for future studies on water quality management and ecosystem restoration in natural vegetated water environments such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
061122 無意識訊息處理的複雜性：我們還要意識做什麼？
Title:
無意識訊息處理的複雜性：我們還要意識做什麼？
無意識訊息處理的複雜性：我們還要意識做什麼？
Time:
06/11/2022 06:00 PM PDT
06/11/2022 07:00 PM MDT
06/11/2022 08:00 PM CDT
06/11/2022 09:00 PM EDT
06/12/2022 02:00 AM BST
06/12/2022 03:00 AM CEST
06/12/2022 09:00 AM Taiwan
06/11/2022 06:00 PM PDT
06/11/2022 07:00 PM MDT
06/11/2022 08:00 PM CDT
06/11/2022 09:00 PM EDT
06/12/2022 02:00 AM BST
06/12/2022 03:00 AM CEST
06/12/2022 09:00 AM Taiwan
研究領域 (Field):
Experimental Psychology
研究子領域 (Sub-field):
Cognition and Perception
其他關鍵字 (Supplementary keywords):
Consciousness; Attention; Language
Experimental Psychology
研究子領域 (Sub-field):
Cognition and Perception
其他關鍵字 (Supplementary keywords):
Consciousness; Attention; Language
Abstract:
我們時時刻刻都意識到外在的世界嗎？知覺心理學提供許多證據，在在暗示我們能夠意識到的外在世界十分受限。那麼，這些我們沒有意識到的訊息是否通通被大腦忽略了呢？過去幾年我們的研究提供了一些線索，顯示看似複雜、高階的無意識訊息，卻能被大腦處理而進一步影響我們的行為。演講的最後我想談談，如果無意識處理可以如此複雜，意識的功能究竟是什麼？
我們時時刻刻都意識到外在的世界嗎？知覺心理學提供許多證據，在在暗示我們能夠意識到的外在世界十分受限。那麼，這些我們沒有意識到的訊息是否通通被大腦忽略了呢？過去幾年我們的研究提供了一些線索，顯示看似複雜、高階的無意識訊息，卻能被大腦處理而進一步影響我們的行為。演講的最後我想談談，如果無意識處理可以如此複雜，意識的功能究竟是什麼？
Sunday, May 15, 2022
五月演講
Title:
五月演講
五月演講
5/21 吳彥蓉 (Yen-Jung Wu)
Application of Machine-Learning on the Multi-Parameter Observations in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere
Application of Machine-Learning on the Multi-Parameter Observations in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere
5/28 徐瑋澤 (Wei-Tse Hsu)
Developing computational screening methods for identifying O-glycosylated insulin analogs with improved properties for oral delivery
Developing computational screening methods for identifying O-glycosylated insulin analogs with improved properties for oral delivery
Sunday, May 1, 2022
052822 Developing molecular dynamics-based screening methods for identifying O-glycosylated insulin analogs with enhanced proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity
Title:
Developing molecular dynamics-based screening methods for identifying O-glycosylated insulin analogs with enhanced proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity
Developing molecular dynamics-based screening methods for identifying O-glycosylated insulin analogs with enhanced proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity
Time:
05/28/2022 07:00 PM PDT
05/28/2022 08:00 PM MDT
05/28/2022 07:00 PM PDT
05/28/2022 08:00 PM MDT
05/28/2022 09:00 PM CDT
05/28/2022 10:00 PM EDT
05/28/2022 10:00 PM EDT
05/29/2022 03:00 AM BST
05/29/2022 04:00 AM CEST
05/29/2022 10:00 AM Taiwan
05/29/2022 10:00 AM Taiwan
Field:
Biophysics, computational chemistry
Biophysics, computational chemistry
Sub-field:
molecular dynamics
Supplementary keywords:
molecular dynamics, insulin, O-glycosylation, protein degradation, protein design
molecular dynamics
Supplementary keywords:
molecular dynamics, insulin, O-glycosylation, protein degradation, protein design
Abstract:
In the United States, over 7 million people use insulin as a peptide drug to treat diabetes given its ability to promote the glucose absorption from the blood into liver. While oral insulin drugs are highly desirable due to their non-invasive nature, their development is limited by their susceptibility to the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and poor permeability through the intestinal epithelium upon dimerization. Recent experimental studies have revealed that certain O-linked glycosylation patterns could enhance insulin’s proteolytic stability and reduce its dimerization propensity, but the understanding of such phenomena at the molecular level is still evasive. In addition, the enormous efforts required for chemical synthesis and characterization make fast screening of insulin glycoform candidates nearly impossible.
To address this challenge, we propose and test several structural determinants that could potentially enhance insulin’s proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity. We used these as the metrics to assess the properties of interest from 10-microsecond aggregate molecular dynamics of each of 12 targeted insulin glyco-variants from multiple wild-type crystal structures. We found that glycan-involved hydrogen bonds and glycan-dimer occlusion were useful metrics predicting the proteolytic stability and dimerization propensity of insulin, as was in part the solvent accessible surface area of proteolytic sites, while other plausible metrics were not generally predictive. This work helps better explain how O-linked glycosylation influences the proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity of insulin, illuminating a path towards rational molecular design of insulin glycoforms.
In the United States, over 7 million people use insulin as a peptide drug to treat diabetes given its ability to promote the glucose absorption from the blood into liver. While oral insulin drugs are highly desirable due to their non-invasive nature, their development is limited by their susceptibility to the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and poor permeability through the intestinal epithelium upon dimerization. Recent experimental studies have revealed that certain O-linked glycosylation patterns could enhance insulin’s proteolytic stability and reduce its dimerization propensity, but the understanding of such phenomena at the molecular level is still evasive. In addition, the enormous efforts required for chemical synthesis and characterization make fast screening of insulin glycoform candidates nearly impossible.
To address this challenge, we propose and test several structural determinants that could potentially enhance insulin’s proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity. We used these as the metrics to assess the properties of interest from 10-microsecond aggregate molecular dynamics of each of 12 targeted insulin glyco-variants from multiple wild-type crystal structures. We found that glycan-involved hydrogen bonds and glycan-dimer occlusion were useful metrics predicting the proteolytic stability and dimerization propensity of insulin, as was in part the solvent accessible surface area of proteolytic sites, while other plausible metrics were not generally predictive. This work helps better explain how O-linked glycosylation influences the proteolytic stability and monomeric propensity of insulin, illuminating a path towards rational molecular design of insulin glycoforms.
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